What's Whit?

Here's my article for the May magazine:

Pentecost is one of those Christian festivals that people have often heard about but know little about. It's more commonly known by its old name Whitsun or Whit Sunday and is often associated with school half-term or with local events or traditions.

Pentecost is fifty days after Jesus rose from the dead at Easter and ten days after he ascended into heaven (Acts 1:1-11). It is the day when the disciples were filled with the Holy Spirit and started to tell others about Jerusalem (Acts 2:1-41), so it is often called the birthday of the Church. But the Holy Spirit didn't just appear at Pentecost. Christians believe that the Holy Spirit is not just a way of describing the power of God, but that “Within the unity of the Godhead there are three persons who are of one substance, power and eternity - the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.” (The Articles of Religion in modern form - An English Prayer Book [Church Society:1994]). This belief in 'one God in three persons' is celebrated on the Sunday after Pentecost, which is Trinity Sunday. So the Holy Spirit is eternal and we see him at work throughout the Bible, although his work changes.

Before Jesus, the Holy Spirit was involved with creation, especially of humans (Genesis 1:2 and 2:7). He was given to particular people, at particular times, for particular tasks (for example: to Bezalel to be an artist [Exodus31:1-5]; to Gideon to lead [Judges 6:14-16, 34]; and to Isaiah to prophesy [Isaiah 61:1-3]). But the Holy Spirit was also promised to be eventually for all believers, all of the time (Joel 2:28-29).

Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit (Luke 1:35), and the Holy Spirit came on Jesus at his baptism (Luke 3:21-22) and empowered his ministry (Acts 10:38). Jesus also promised that his disciples would receive the Holy Spirit too (Acts 1:4-5).

So at Pentecost we see the fulfilment of the Old Testament promise and Jesus' promise. But that promise was not just for Jesus' first disciples. Peter reminded the crowd on that day that if we repent and believe in Jesus we too will receive the Holy Spirit as “The promise is for you and your children and for all who are far off – for all whom the Lord our God will call” (Acts 2:38-39).

This is something really worth celebrating: the same Holy Spirit that brought the universe into being; that gave humanity its soul; that empowered Jesus to do all his miracles – that same Holy Spirit is available to each and every one of us that repents and believes in Jesus!! The Holy Spirit enables us to do many things, and the New Testament is clear that without the Holy Spirit you cannot be called a Christian – but all you have to do is ask (Luke 11:9-13)!

If there were no resurrection...

Here's my magazine article for April:

The resurrection of Jesus is the most important event in the whole history of the universe. And not just because to celebrate it we have a day when you're allowed to eat chocolate at every meal and for every snack in between! Jesus' death is the centre of the Christian faith but it's his resurrection that gives his death its meaning.

Paul wrote that the most important belief is “that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, and that he appeared to Peter, and then to the Twelve” (1 Corinthians15:3-5). Later in the same chapter he writes “if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins” (verse 17). Our sins can be forgiven because Jesus died in our place but it is his resurrection that guarantees that his sacrifice worked.

Jesus predicted that he would die and be raised to life again (Mark 8:31) so his resurrection proves that his teaching is trustworthy and true. Therefore, when he says that he gives his life “as a ransom for many” (Mark 10:45) we know that is true too. Anyone could say that they will give their life as a ransom for many but the resurrection is proof that Jesus actually did it. Without the resurrection, Jesus could be seen as just a wise teacher or guru, or even as a tragic hero who died because he challenged the establishment. With the resurrection we can be sure that Jesus' death was the sacrifice needed to take the punishment we deserve for our sins. We also know that sin has been dealt with because the consequence of sin is death (Romans 6:23); Jesus' resurrection proves that he has conquered death and therefore also conquered sin.

But the resurrection is more than a proof so that we know we can be forgiven. Paul tells us “We were therefore buried with [Jesus] through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life” (Romans 6:4). That new life has the qualities of eternal life (closeness to God, freedom from slavery to sin, freedom from fear of death) but is available here and now. Jesus' resurrection means we can have a fresh start; forgiven for our past sins and a future close relationship with God. Jesus' resurrection means that salvation isn't something that happens after death but is a state of life before death that carries on beyond death. As Jesus said, he came so that those who believe in him “may have life, and have it to the full” (John 10:10).

So this Easter as you munch your way through excessive amounts of chocolate, think about the world-changing event that that chocolate celebrates: Jesus' resurrection. And more importantly, think what Jesus' resurrection means to you. In Romans 10:9, Paul assures us “if you declare with your mouth, ‘Jesus is Lord,’ and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.”

Cross words

Here's my magazine article for March:

Would you wear a piece of jewellery in the shape of an electric chair? Or perhaps a noose and gallows? Unless you have a particularly macabre fashion taste, I suspect the answer would be no. After all why would you wear a symbol of torture and execution? But that is precisely what many people do by wearing a cross. Crucifixion was the cruel Roman method of execution that they reserved for the very worst criminals, yet the cross quickly became the symbol of the underground movement that made up the early church.

We have an unusual situation this year with Good Friday being in a different month to Easter Sunday, so we have the opportunity to focus on Jesus' death this month before thinking about his resurrection next month.

We're so used to seeing crosses around that we've lost the shock of what it represents. The early church chose not to celebrate Jesus' amazing miracles nor even his wise teachings but his death, and it wasn't a heroic or serene death but a shameful, criminal's death. If the early church wanted to commend their new faith to the world dominated by the Romans, emphasising Jesus' crucifixion is not the best way to start. But that is what they did. Why?

Well the simple answer is because the crucifixion is the centre of the Christian faith; it is the literal and metaphorical crux of Christianity.  Paul wrote that he “resolved to know nothing while I was with you except Jesus Christ and him crucified” (1 Corinthians 2:2).  He knew that this would be a shocking message, writing “Jews demand signs and Greeks look for wisdom, but we preach Christ crucified: a stumbling-block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles” (1 Corinthians 1:22-23).  The Jews were expecting a Messiah who would kick the Romans out of Israel, not one who was killed by them! And the Gentiles (non-Jews) wanted a highly intellectual philosophy not the story of a man who rejected by his own people!  Those who saw the cross as a stumbling-block and foolishness agreed with the Jewish religious leaders who mocked the dying Jesus: “‘He saved others,’ they said, ‘but he can’t save himself! He’s the king of Israel! Let him come down now from the cross, and we will believe in him’” (Matthew 27:42-43).

But the deeper reason why people then and now reject the message of Christ crucified is because it reminds us of a very uncomfortable truth: that we are sinners who need saving.  Paul reminds us that all of us have sinned and fallen short of God's standard (Romans 3:23) (and if we are honest we fall short of our own standards too) and the punishment for sin is death (Romans 6:23), eternal separation from God.  And because of our sin we are helpless to save ourselves.  But the good news is that “God presented Christ as a sacrifice of atonement, through the shedding of his blood – to be received by faith” (Romans 3:25), that's what it means to say that Christ died for our sins.

Christ crucified means that we cannot be saved by our own moral or religious efforts, but only because Jesus died in our place. The pathetic-looking figure on the cross is the solution to the world's problems, but only when we recognise our own pathetic-ness, let go of our pretensions to goodness and rejoice that “God demonstrates his own love for us in this: while we were still sinners, Christ died for us” (Romans 5:8).

The lost treasure of the Catechism

Here's my February article:

The Ash Wednesday service (for our services this year see here and here), which marks the beginning of Lent, often contains these words: “since early days Christians have observed with great devotion the time of our Lord’s passion and resurrection and prepared for this by a season of penitence and fasting. By carefully keeping these days, Christians take to heart the call to repentance and the assurance of forgiveness proclaimed in the gospel, and so grow in faith and in devotion to our Lord.” In the early days of the Church Easter was the principal occasion for baptism and so Lent also became a time when adult candidates for baptism were instructed in the Christian faith. This could often be the intensification of a process that could last two years or more.

This process was known as 'Catechesis' and involved teaching converts to Christianity about the basics of the Christian faith and practice, usually in the form of questions and answers. Although common in the Early Church, the practice of catechesis was neglected and only revived at the Reformation. Since then the popularity of catechesis has waned, ironically in part due to the rise of Sunday Schools. Although the Sunday School movement was great for familiarising children with various Bible stories, this was often at the expense of any form of grounding in the basic beliefs, practices, and ethics of the faith. As a consequence of this neglect of catechesis many people throughout the ages have grown up with a vague connection to Christianity, and may even call themselves Christians, but have little idea what that even means.

At this point I need to hold my hands up and claim a partial responsibility for this situation. In the Book of Common Prayer, written at the time of the Reformation, Archbishop Thomas Cranmer included a Catechism“An Instruction to be learned of every person before he be brought to be Confirmed by the Bishop”. And the Vicar of “of every Parish shall diligently upon Sundays and Holy-days, after the second Lesson at Evening Prayer, openly in the Church instruct and examine so many Children of his Parish sent unto him, as he shall think convenient, in some part of this Catechism.” The aim was that every candidate for Confirmation “can say, in their mother tongue, the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and the Ten Commandments; and also can answer to the other questions of this short Catechism”. I have to admit I have been lax in teaching the children of the parish the Catechism (although few are sent to me for it!!).

However, there has been a recent revival in interest in catechisms, with one of the the megachurches in New York, the Redeemer Presbyterian Church, producing 'The New City Catechism' and The Anglican Church of North America also producing a catechism titled “To be a Christian - An AnglicanCatechism”. Both of these use the traditional question and answer format to teach comprehensively what it means to be a Christian.

This Lent as we are invited again to examine our faith, perhaps look up one of these catechisms and see what we may have been missing out on for years!  

Advent Reflections: Love

A couple of years ago we looked at the four traditional themes of Advent  Death, Judgement, Heaven and Hell ('The Four Last Things'). This year we're going to look at another set of Advent themes: Hope, Peace, Joy and Love. As the theme of this year's Advent course is Hope (and it was the theme of my November magazine article!), we'll look at the other three. This week it's Love.

To say that Christmas is a time for love seems unnecessary as it's very hard to avoid sentiments of love at Christmas. Love for our nearest and dearest shown by cards and presents, love for our fellow humans shown by charitable giving, Christmas adverts speaking of 'real love'. This is unsurprising as, in the words of Christina Rossetti: “Love came down at Christmas...Love Incarnate, Love Divine.”

This is the acceptably religious side of Christmas: celebrating the birth of someone who had a God-given mission to teach the world that we should love one another; someone who could be said to have been the most loving person that ever lived; who embodied love and practised divine love. But if this is all that we believe about Jesus, we've only grasped a tiny part of the significance of his birth. Yes, he was a loving person, and yes he was the most perfectly loving person there has ever been, but he is so much more than that.

The Bible tells us that God is Love (1 John 4:8), and that in Jesus God became human, he was literally (Divine) Love Incarnate. That's what's so amazing about Christmas! As Paul writes: Jesus although “being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be used to his own advantage; rather, he made himself nothing by taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness” (Philippians 2:6-7). The worship song writer Matt Redman put it this way, “The voice that said 'Let there be light' is heard within a newborn cry” ('The Name of Emmanuel').  Another worship song writer, Stuart Townend wrote this: “the mighty Prince of Life shelters in a stable. Hands that set each star in place, shaped the earth in darkness, cling now to a mother's breast, vulnerable and helpless” ('Joy has Dawned').  Read those words again to yourself slowly and let the mind-blowing truth sink in!

The miracle of Christmas is the miracle of God becoming human. But he didn't become human just to give us a good example to follow, he came to express his love for us. In his earthly ministry Jesus healed the sick and lifted up the weak and vulnerable, but these demonstrations of his love were limited to that one area of the world at that one time in history. God had bigger plans than that! He wanted to do something that would demonstrate his love for all people, from all times and all places, and what he would do would be achieve the restoration of our relationship with him that has been broken through our sin.

That restoration required reparation for the punishment that we owe because of that sin. We can't pay that price because we are not perfect, but God could because he is perfect. So “God expressed His love for the world in this way: He gave His only Son so that whoever believes in Him will not face everlasting destruction, but will have everlasting life” (John 3:16 The Voice Translation). And “[t]his is how God showed his love among us: he sent his one and only Son into the world that we might live through him. This is love: not that we loved God, but that he loved us and sent his Son as an atoning sacrifice for our sins” (1 John 4:9-10). And “God demonstrates his own love for us in this: while we were still sinners, Christ died for us” (Romans 5:8).

So our Advent theme of Love prepares us for the Love that came at Christmas; the Divine Love Incarnate in Jesus, which also reminds us to “Celebrate the cradle to the cross, celebrate the gift, celebrate the cost. For one without the other, the significance is lost. Celebrate the cradle to the cross” (Karl Berg - 'The Cradle to the Cross').  And our response? “Love so amazing, so Divine, demands my soul, my life, my all.”

Advent Reflections: Joy

A couple of years ago we looked at the four traditional themes of Advent: Death, Judgement, Heaven and Hell ('The Four Last Things'). This year we're going to look at another set of Advent themes: Hope, Peace, Joy and Love. As the theme of this year's Advent course is Hope (and it was the theme of my November magazine article!), we'll look at the other three. This week it's Joy.

 At Christmas we are bombarded with images of joy: the joy of children opening their presents, the joy of families and friends getting together, the joy of a few days off work! And we all have an understanding of what joy feels like: it's like happiness only better; it's happiness that wells up from deep within us and bursts out with smiles, shouts and even singing.

The third Sunday of Advent sometimes has the theme of Joy, which is why some churches light a pink rather than a purple candle on this Sunday. Purple is the liturgical colour of Advent (and Lent) because it signifies a season of reflection and repentance. The pink candle reminds us that although we're still in that penitential season, the joy of Christmas cannot help bubbling up and lightening that purple to pink. Therefore the third Sunday of Advent is sometimes called Gaudete Sunday, from the mediaeval Latin hymn made famous by SteeleyeSpan in the 1970s, whose lyrics are “Gaudete, gaudete! Christus est natus, ex Maria virgine, gaudete!” - “Rejoice, rejoice! Christ has been born out of the Virgin Mary – rejoice!”

But the Christmas joy isn't just the usual joy of a baby being born, nor is it just the birth of a significant person. The angel said to the shepherd “Do not be afraid. I bring you good news that will cause great joy for all the people. Today in the town of David a Saviour has been born to you” (Luke 2:10-11). The joy of Christmas is the joy of a Saviour being born, and it was this that made the shepherds rush to Bethlehem, leaving their flocks, and after finding Jesus they “returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things they had heard and seen” (Luke 2:20).

Just like the association of Christmas with joy, we tend to associate Jesus with the word 'Saviour', but to get the true Christmas joy we need to really grasp what it means for Jesus to be Saviour and not just the Saviour but our Saviour. We were created to be in relationship with God, but our sin means that we should be eternally separated from God. There is nothing we can do to put this situation right, because none of us can be sinless. Thus we face an eternity separated from the one person, God, who gives our life true meaning and makes us fully human. The angel's announcement of the birth of a Saviour is therefore truly good news that will cause great joy for all the people – it means that now we can live life as we are supposed to live it, with God.

Jesus is the Saviour of the world, but he is also Saviour for each of us personally, because we each need to allow him to be our Saviour. Each of us needs to decide how we respond to the news of the birth of our Saviour, we can either treat it as another Christmas fairy story, or we can take the opportunity to have the joy that comes from knowing our sins have been forgiven and that God will meet our deepest needs.

One more thing: this is not just joyful news for us humans. Jesus would later say that every time a sinner repents there is rejoicing in heaven (Luke 15:1-32). The angels rejoice at the possibility that we can be saved, but more than that God himself rejoices when we turns back to him, because he longs for us more than we can possibly know.

Advent Reflections: Peace

A couple of years ago we looked at the four traditional themes of Advent: Death, Judgement, Heaven and Hell ('The Four Last Things'). This year we're going to look at another set of Advent themes: Hope, Peace, Joy and Love. As the theme of this year's Advent course is Hope (and it was the theme of my November magazine article!), we'll look at the other three. This week it's Peace.

The song that the host of angels sang in the presence of the shepherds is almost inseparable from Christmas. Even in the secular celebrations “Glory to God in the highest heaven, and on earth peace to those on whom his favour rests” (Luke 2:14) rings out, often shortened to “Peace on Earth” on Christmas cards and decorations. The coming of Jesus is the coming of the Prince of Peace (Isaiah 9:6).

We often think about 'peace' as being the absence of war and conflict, but the Hebrew word 'shalom', which we translate as peace has a much deeper meaning than that. In Jesus' day, and still today in Middle Eastern cultures, 'Peace be with you' is a greeting and a blessing. It expresses not just a desire for the absence of strife but a positive desire for the wholeness and well-being of the person you greet. In this sense an engine 'at peace' is not one that is not going but one that is working properly. So 'peace' describes having contentment, completeness, wholeness, well-being and harmony. To say that Jesus is the Prince of Peace is to say that Jesus is the ultimate, and ultimately the only source of contentment and wholeness.

This is a very controversial thing to say. It might possibly be acceptable to say that Jesus is the 'Prince of Peace' because he was a wise teacher who taught people to love each other, but even that might be too exclusive for the non-believing world. However, we only have to look at Jesus' life to see that Jesus didn't necessarily bring peace through his life. He himself said “I did not come to bring peace, but a sword” (Matthew 10:34). Jesus was always a divisive figure: for a while he was popular but in the end he was hated and was so threatening that the only way to deal with him was to kill him.

The message of the angels tells us how peace can be gained: peace will come to those on whom God's favour rests, or as the King James version of the Bible puts it “on earth peace, good will toward men.” It is not, as commonly said, 'peace to people of good will', i.e. if we all get along there will be peace, instead peace has something to do with how God relates to us. St Paul wrote “we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ” (Romans 5:1), echoing Isaiah's prophecy “he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was on him, and by his wounds we are healed” (Isaiah 53:5). The peace we really need is the restoration of our relationship with God that has been broken through our sin. Jesus' death was the punishment we deserved so that by faith in him we can be forgiven; God's favour will rest on us; God shows good will towards us. It was not through his life and teaching that Jesus brought peace but through his death.

Advent provides a time for us to think about our sins that separate us from God and to repent of them, so that we too can have that peace which Jesus came into the world to bring us.